In short, vaccines work with some cells of the virus, enough for

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That method was first used in the 1980s to make a hepatitis B vaccine. 9 reasons why the new coronavirus is so deadly Moderna wants to go one step further. Instead of using viruses or proteins, the company's technology needs only genetic material from the virus. Biotechnology works with messenger RNA, the genetic material that tells cells how to make proteins . The company was founded in 2010 with the belief that such "information molecules" could create a new class of medicines. "What you can probably do is a new class of drugs, vaccines and almost everything ," Bob Langer, one of the founders of Moderna and a famous MIT professor, told Business Insider .

This vision has persuaded investors to inject record figures into the company : 92.7 million euros in 2013; 379.5 million in a round in 2015; almost another 400 million the following year and 421 million at the beginning of 2018. All of this culminated in its IPO in December 2018, the largest in the biotechnology sector. Moderna raised 474 million euros and Europe Cell Phone Number List reached a market capitalization of 6,325 million euros. Despite these massive levels of funding, Moderna's technology was not tested until 2020. There are no approved vaccines or  messenger RNA treatments , and until before the pandemic, there were no results showing it worked in humans. The overtime and short nights made it the first program tested on humans.

In November 2019, Graham and NIH officials toured Moderna's facilities, discussing with company executives the plan to begin human testing of the Nipah virus vaccine. After exchanging emails in early January about the mysterious viral outbreak in China, Graham and Bancel agreed during a phone call that it was time to put their early research into practice. "We thought that, instead of working on something that could happen, why not work on something that is happening and propose our demonstration project on the coronavirus?" Graham said. 7 signs that you have had the coronavirus and you didn't know it The NIH scientists targeted the "spike" protein, used by the virus to attach to and infect healthy cells.